Pathology of Liver and Biliary Neoplasms

This review begins with a brief overview of liver anatomy and histology, followed by a summary of the classification of primary hepatic tumors. It then focuses on hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, the 2 most common primary hepatic malignancies. In this section, emphasis is placed on key molecular features and histologic variants with important clinical implications. The review next addresses diagnostic challenges from the pathologist's perspective, providing practical insights into how these scenarios can be approached. Finally, the focus shifts to therapy-related changes in liver tumors, an increasingly important area for assessing treatment response across various therapeutic modalities.