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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Prevalence and Patterns of Multiple Injuries Affecting a Single Permanent Tooth (Combination Injuries): A Systematic

Nitesh Tewari1,2, Alina Wikstrom3,4, Eva Lauridsen5

  • 1Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.

Dental Traumatology : Official Publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

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This summary is machine-generated.

Combination injuries in permanent teeth affect 14% of cases, with enamel-dentin fractures combined with subluxation being most common. Standardized reporting is needed for accurate diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries.

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Oral Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Multiple traumatic dental injuries (TDI) on a single permanent tooth are underrecognized.
  • Global TDI prevalence is known, but combination injury epidemiology is unclear.
  • This study assesses the prevalence and patterns of combination injuries in traumatized permanent teeth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of combination injuries in permanent teeth.
  • To identify common patterns of combined traumatic dental injuries.
  • To highlight the need for standardized diagnostic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 observational studies.
  • Searches conducted across major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus).
Keywords:
combination injuriescrown fracturedental traumasystematic reviewtraumatic dental injuries

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

  • Random-effects meta-analyses used to pool prevalence data; GRADE framework assessed evidence certainty.

    • Main Results:

    • Pooled prevalence of combination injuries was 14% (95% CI: 11%-19%).
    • Most frequent combinations: enamel-dentin fracture with subluxation (25%) and enamel-dentin fracture with concussion (17%).
    • Denmark showed the highest country-specific prevalence; evidence certainty was very low due to reporting variations.

    Conclusions:

    • Combination injuries represent a significant aspect of traumatic dental injuries, with a pooled prevalence of 14%.
    • Enamel-dentin fracture combined with subluxation is the most prevalent pattern.
    • Urgent need for standardized nomenclature and diagnostic protocols due to significant reporting variability and very low evidence certainty.