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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Characterization of Vascular Morphology of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Indocyanine Green Angiography
05:14

Characterization of Vascular Morphology of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Indocyanine Green Angiography

Published on: August 11, 2023

Quantitative Venous Outflow Assessment in Reconstructive Flaps Using Indocyanine Green Angiography: A Systematic

Samantha Cervantes Valadez1, Lauren A Hoffpauir1, Vishal Dhingra2

  • 1From the Institute for Reconstructive Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Quantitative indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) can detect venous compromise in flaps, aiding salvage. Standardized protocols are needed to confirm its prognostic value in flap monitoring.

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Venous congestion is a primary cause of free and pedicled flap failure.
  • Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) visualizes perfusion but often focuses on arterial inflow.
  • Quantitative analysis of venous outflow using ICGA offers potential for earlier, objective detection of compromise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the use of quantitative ICGA for assessing venous outflow in free and pedicled flaps.
  • To summarize the clinical utility of quantitative ICGA in detecting venous compromise.
  • To evaluate how quantitative ICGA parameters correlate with flap outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
  • Searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000-2025).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Characterization of Vascular Morphology of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Indocyanine Green Angiography
05:14

Characterization of Vascular Morphology of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Indocyanine Green Angiography

Published on: August 11, 2023

  • Included studies reporting quantitative ICGA for venous outflow in flaps; assessed risk of bias using ROBINS-I.

    • Main Results:

    • Nine studies (210 patients, 164 flaps) used quantitative ICGA across various reconstructions.
    • Measures included ratio indices, time-to-maximum fluorescence, and washout analyses.
    • Abnormal quantitative ICGA trends correlated with venous congestion and flap necrosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Quantitative ICGA can identify subclinical perfusion issues, potentially guiding intraoperative decisions.
    • Standardized protocols and validated metrics are essential for reproducible thresholds and prognostic confirmation.
    • Further research is needed to establish the full clinical utility of quantitative ICGA in flap monitoring.