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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome

DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility PatternsDisordered...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Published on: June 16, 2020

Anorectal Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis: Clinical Phenotypes and Functional Patterns.

Timothy Kaniecki1, Alireza Amindarolzarbi2, Tsion Abdi1

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Arthritis Care & Research
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anorectal dysfunction is common in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and linked to neuromuscular issues. Specific autoantibodies and longer disease duration correlate with these manometry abnormalities.

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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
09:44

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

Published on: September 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Rheumatology
  • Clinical Physiology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) frequently causes gastrointestinal (GI) issues.
  • Anorectal dysfunction is a recognized complication, but its specific physiologic defects and associations require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail anorectal dysfunction in SSc using anorectal manometry (ARM).
  • To link ARM findings with clinical SSc phenotypes and serologic markers.
  • To explore potential risk stratification markers.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 50 SSc patients undergoing ARM (2011-2022).
  • Evaluation of clinical, serologic, and ARM data, including resting/squeeze pressures, sensation, and rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR).
  • Assessment of GI symptom burden using UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0.

Main Results:

  • Anorectal dysfunction was prevalent, with 60% showing hypotensive resting pressures and 92% abnormal RAIR.
  • Hypotensive pressures correlated with longer disease duration and higher FVC.
  • Dual anti-centromere and Ro52 antibody positivity associated with hypotensive resting pressures.

Conclusions:

  • Anorectal dysfunction is common in SSc, suggesting neuromuscular involvement.
  • ARM abnormalities correlate with disease duration and specific autoantibodies (anti-centromere, Ro52).
  • Absent RAIR may be a key feature of SSc-related anorectal dysfunction, supporting a neurogenic mechanism.