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Multi-objective optimization of urban blue-green space configuration using NSGA-II for enhanced ecosystem services
Yangyang Yuan1,2, Mingzhu Yang3,4, Siqi Tang3,4
1School of Architecture, Southeast University, Sipailou Campus, 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China. yyy@seu.edu.cn.
Scientific Reports
|June 23, 2026
Summary
Optimizing urban blue-green spaces enhances ecological benefits like carbon sequestration and cooling. This study presents a framework to balance multiple objectives, aiding sustainable urban planning and climate change mitigation.
Area of Science:
- Urban Ecology
- Environmental Planning
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
- Sustainable Development
Background:
- Global climate change is degrading urban ecosystems, necessitating strategic planning of blue-green spaces.
- The ecological services of blue-green spaces are closely linked to their spatial configuration and characteristics.
- Synergistically improving ecological service efficiency through spatial planning is crucial for urban sustainability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and apply a multi-objective optimization framework for blue-green space configuration.
- To integrate four key ecological benefits: carbon sink, cooling, stormwater resilience, and biodiversity.
- To provide scientifically quantifiable decision-making support for urban blue-green space planning.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a grid-based spatial decision unit approach within a multi-objective optimization framework.
- Established a multi-ecological benefit evaluation framework combining assessment models and the NSGA-II algorithm.
- Employed the entropy weight method for objective weight allocation and derived optimal and preference-oriented scenarios.
Main Results:
- Identified positive synergy between carbon sink and cooling benefits, and trade-offs between biodiversity and stormwater resilience.
- Demonstrated that the comprehensive scenario achieved a balanced performance across multiple ecological objectives.
- Showcased distinct spatial layout characteristics of blue-green spaces tailored to different ecological benefit objectives.
Conclusions:
- The integrated optimization framework effectively balances multiple ecological benefits in urban blue-green space planning.
- The study provides a quantifiable methodology for optimizing blue-green space configurations to enhance urban ecological resilience.
- Findings support evidence-based decision-making for sustainable urban development in the context of climate change.
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