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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
09:49

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: January 20, 2023

Ketamine Use in Acute Brain Injury: Debunking the Myth.

Steven Haywood1, Rylee Pence2, Vishnu Mudrakola3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Residency, Magnolia Regional Health Center in Corinth, MS, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ketamine may be safe for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, challenging the dogma of avoiding it due to fears of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Recent studies show ketamine may even reduce ICP and improve brain blood flow.

Keywords:
AnalgesiaCerebral perfusion pressureIntracranial pressureKetamineSedationTraumatic brain injury

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Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents
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Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents

Published on: June 2, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
09:49

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: January 20, 2023

Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents
07:52

Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents

Published on: June 2, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Anesthesiology
  • Trauma Care

Background:

  • Historically, ketamine use in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients was contraindicated due to concerns about elevated intracranial pressure (ICP).
  • This long-standing recommendation was not supported by clinical data specific to TBI patients.
  • Emerging evidence suggests ketamine possesses neuroprotective qualities potentially beneficial for TBI management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the safety and efficacy of ketamine in patients with traumatic brain injury.
  • To investigate the actual effects of ketamine on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in TBI patients.
  • To challenge the existing dogma regarding ketamine contraindication in TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of contemporary, well-controlled studies investigating ketamine administration in TBI patients.
  • Analysis of data concerning ICP and CPP changes following ketamine use in this population.
  • Comparison of findings with historical recommendations and underlying assumptions.

Main Results:

  • Ketamine administration did not result in a significant increase in ICP in TBI patients in recent controlled studies.
  • Evidence suggests ketamine may actually decrease ICP in TBI patients.
  • Ketamine use was associated with an increase in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in TBI patients.

Conclusions:

  • The contraindication of ketamine in TBI patients based on ICP concerns is not supported by current evidence.
  • Ketamine may be a safe and potentially beneficial anesthetic agent for patients with TBI.
  • Further research should explore the neuroprotective benefits and optimal use of ketamine in TBI management.