Performance of Hybrid and All-Inorganic Perovskite Direct X-Ray Imagers: Surpassing Commercial Standards

Solution-processed metal halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as promising candidates for direct X-ray imaging, yet fundamental comparisons between hybrid and all-inorganic systems in flat panel architectures remain missing. A systematic study of perovskite X-ray imagers (PeroXIs) based on methylammonium lead iodide and cesium lead bromide films integrated onto identical active pixel arrays is presented. Fully inorganic imagers demonstrate excellent performance characteristics, achieving high spatial resolution, contrast, sensitivity, and operational stability. While hybrid perovskites also show promising results, the all-inorganic systems exhibit characteristics that may be particularly advantageous for repeatable performance and therefore commercial deployment. Crucially, the all-inorganic PeroXI overcomes the long-standing trade-off between spatial resolution and detection efficiency that has limited X-ray detection technologies for decades, achieving high performance on both fronts. The results establish solution-processed inorganic perovskites as a scalable, high-performance platform capable of surpassing commercial standards, opening a new pathway toward low-cost, high-resolution, and low-dose X-ray imaging across medical, industrial, and scientific domains.