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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Comparative Study of Simulation of Temperature Rise in Ring Main Unit
04:35

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Published on: July 5, 2024

Optimising thermal performance in data centre server racks via a parametric layout configuration study.

Xinkun Gao1, Mingqin Cai1, Ruiyong Mao2

  • 1College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.

Scientific Reports
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing data center cooling is crucial. Strategic in-rack server layout adjustments, like power combination and air supply velocity, significantly improve thermal performance without costly retrofits.

Keywords:
Data centresFan wall cooling technologyServer arrangementThermal environmentThermal management

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Area of Science:

  • Thermal management in data centers.
  • Computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer.

Background:

  • Data center expansion drives demand for cost-effective cooling solutions.
  • Conventional retrofits are expensive and disruptive.
  • In-rack server layout offers a low-threshold optimization strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of in-rack server layout on data center cooling efficiency.
  • To identify optimal server power combinations, arrangement methods, and air supply velocities.
  • To provide practical guidance for low-effort thermal optimization.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a dedicated experimental platform simulating a server rack environment.
  • Conducting physical single-factor and orthogonal experiments.
  • Evaluating cooling efficiency based on temperature stratification and airflow utilization.

Main Results:

  • Significant temperature stratification observed, with heat accumulating at the rack top.
  • Air supply velocity > power combination > arrangement method in terms of thermal performance impact.
  • An optimal configuration (400 W x 10 servers, lower rack, 4 m/s air supply velocity) effectively reduced hot-spots and improved thermal uniformity.

Conclusions:

  • In-rack server layout adjustments alone can markedly enhance data center cooling performance.
  • Strategic optimization reduces the need for capital investment and infrastructure modifications.
  • This study offers actionable insights for data center operators seeking practical cooling solutions.