Metabolic Reprogramming-Driven Cardiovascular Immune Damage: From Glyco-Lipotoxicity and Epigenetic Memory to...

Area of Science:

• Immunometabolism
• Cardiovascular Biology
• Epigenetics

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death, with persistent inflammation a key risk factor.
• Immune cell metabolic reprogramming drives cardiovascular immune injury.
• Glyco-lipotoxicity and metabolic changes contribute to sustained inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a unifying framework linking metabolic reprogramming to cardiovascular immune injury.
• To explore the role of glyco-lipotoxicity, trained immunity, and organ crosstalk in CVD.
• To summarize therapeutic strategies targeting the metabolic-epigenetic axis for CVD prevention.

Main Methods:

• Review of emerging evidence on immunometabolism in CVD.
• Analysis of metabolic pathways (glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation) in immune cells.
• Examination of epigenetic modifications and trained immunity.
• Integration of organ crosstalk mechanisms (heart-adipose, gut-heart, cardio-hematopoietic axes).

Main Results:

• Glyco-lipotoxicity triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammasome activation.
• Hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia promote pro-inflammatory immune cell phenotypes.
• Metabolic intermediates drive epigenetic changes, establishing trained immunity and metabolic memory.
• Persistent immunometabolic imprints amplify inflammation and accelerate vascular/myocardial remodeling.
• Cross-organ communication networks propagate inflammatory processes.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic reprogramming is a central mechanism in CVD pathogenesis.
• Trained immunity and metabolic memory contribute to persistent inflammation.
• Targeting the metabolic-epigenetic axis and organ crosstalk offers novel therapeutic avenues for CVD.
• Precision strategies focusing on immunometabolism hold promise for cardiovascular protection.