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Enhancing HACCP Decisions: A Comparative Risk Assessment for Table Olive Processing.

Cristina Campanero Pintado1, Kharla Andreina Segovia Bravo1, Antonio Benítez Cabello2

  • 1Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología (ESIT), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain.

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PubMed
Summary

This study compared risk assessment tools for table olive processing. Both the 4x4 matrix and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) effectively identified significant food safety hazards.

Keywords:
HACCPcritical control pointsfood safetyrisk assessmenttable olives

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Food Safety and Risk Management
  • HACCP Systems

Background:

  • Table olive processing involves multiple stages with potential physical, chemical, and biological hazards.
  • Standardization of risk assessment tools within Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) systems is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of a 4x4 risk matrix and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for hazard evaluation in table olive processing.
  • To identify critical control points (CCPs) and prerequisite programs (PRPs) using the Codex Alimentarius decision tree.

Main Methods:

  • Hazard evaluation of Spanish-style and Californian-style table olive processing stages.
  • Application of a 4x4 risk matrix (probability × severity) and FMEA (severity × occurrence × detection).
  • Utilized the Codex Alimentarius decision tree for CCP and PRP identification.

Main Results:

  • Both the 4x4 matrix and FMEA identified similar significant hazards, including biological, physical, and chemical risks.
  • FMEA offered more detailed analysis via the detection parameter.
  • The 4x4 matrix proved simpler and more practical for complex processing flow diagrams.

Conclusions:

  • Both FMEA and the 4x4 risk matrix are suitable tools for HACCP-based risk assessment in table olive production.
  • The choice of tool may depend on the complexity of the processing flow and the desired level of analytical detail.