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Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Infection Risk Factor Analysis in
Chao He1, Hua Zou2, Ziyang Jiang1
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 26, 2026
Summary
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) shows promise for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced natural killer (NK) cells are risk factors for TB in this population.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Genomics
Background:
- Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), necessitating accurate diagnosis.
- Risk factors for TB in AECOPD patients are not well-defined.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for TB diagnosis in AECOPD patients.
- Identify risk factors for TB development in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective observational study of 659 AECOPD patients with suspected pulmonary infection.
- mNGS analysis of microbial cell-free nucleic acids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
- Clinical data collection and statistical analysis.
Main Results:
- mNGS demonstrated high sensitivity (86.00%) and specificity (93.30%) for TB diagnosis, outperforming TB-DNA and Xpert MTB/RIF assays in some metrics.
- mNGS identified bacterial or viral co-infections in 18.00% of TB cases.
- Lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced natural killer (NK) cell counts were independent risk factors for TB.
Conclusions:
- mNGS is a valuable tool for diagnosing pulmonary TB in AECOPD patients, detecting co-infections.
- Lower BMI and reduced NK cell count are significant risk factors for TB in AECOPD patients.
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