Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors: Evolving Standards of Care-Optimizing Resection, Staging Accuracy, and
Mikolaj Filon1, Shivesh Kabra2, Woodson Smelser3
1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
None:
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) remains the foundation of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) diagnosis and treatment. The article covers preop evaluation (history, imaging, vesical imaging-reporting and data system, multiparametric MRI, office cystoscopy, and biomarkers), anesthesia/energy choices to limit obturator reflex/perforation, and operative technique using enhanced cystoscopy and selective en bloc resection (EBRT). It stresses meticulous specimen handling, immediate use of intravesical chemotherapy, and indications for second-look TURBT. Despite progress, incomplete resection and understaging are frequent; and broader use of visualization technologies, EBRT in selected cases, and quality programs are key to reducing recurrence and progression of NMIBC.
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