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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

Emerging Intravesical Therapies for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Betty Wang1, Ilaha Isali2, Adam Calaway3

  • 1Department of Urology, Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/hjwang26.

The Urologic Clinics of North America
|June 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New bladder-sparing therapies offer hope for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) patients. Research is exploring novel agents and combinations to overcome limitations of current treatments like Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

Keywords:
BCG-NaïveBCG-UnresponsiveDrug delivery systemsImmunotherapyIntravesical therapyNon–Muscle-Invasive Bladder CancerOncolytic virusUGN-102

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) presents significant challenges with high recurrence and progression rates.
  • Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard treatment but has limitations including efficacy, shortages, and contraindications.
  • The need for effective bladder-sparing alternatives is critical, especially for patients unsuitable for radical cystectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in bladder-sparing therapies for NMIBC.
  • To highlight novel agents and combination regimens currently in development or recently approved.
  • To emphasize the importance of comparative studies and real-world evidence in optimizing treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trial data and FDA approvals for NMIBC therapies.
  • Analysis of emerging agents such as UGN-102, nadofaragene firadenovec, TAR-200, and nogapendekin alfa inbakicept.
  • Discussion of ongoing trials involving TAR-210, cretostimogene, and combination regimens.

Main Results:

  • Several novel intravesical therapies show promise for both low-grade/intermediate-risk and BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.
  • UGN-102 is indicated for low-grade/intermediate-risk disease.
  • Nadofaragene firadenovec, TAR-200, and nogapendekin alfa inbakicept are FDA-approved for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.
  • Ongoing trials are evaluating new agents and combination strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of NMIBC treatment is rapidly evolving with new bladder-sparing options.
  • Future research should focus on comparative effectiveness, optimal sequencing, and quality-of-life outcomes.
  • These advancements offer potential to improve outcomes and preserve bladder function in NMIBC patients.