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Updated: Jun 30, 2026
09:20
Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
AHA/ACC/ESC/WHF Expert Consensus Document: Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure (2026)
Mary Norine Walsh1,2, Lars Kober3,4, Karen Sliwa5,6
1(United States).
European Heart Journal
|June 29, 2026
Summary
The Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure standardizes terminology for improved global prevention and management. It classifies heart failure (HF) phenotypes and causes, addressing dynamic trajectories and social determinants for better patient care.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) prevalence is rising globally, hindered by ambiguous definitions.
- Standardizing HF definitions is crucial for research, surveillance, and prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present the Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure.
- To standardize terminology and facilitate a uniform approach to HF for all stakeholders.
Main Methods:
- A consensus document developed by cardiac societies and foundations.
- Classification of HF phenotypes based on reduced, preserved, and improved ejection fraction.
- Proposal of a universal classification of HF causes and consideration of dynamic trajectories.
Main Results:
- A new HF definition moves beyond rigid ejection fraction cutoffs.
- Introduces categories for HF improvement, remission, and recovery.
- Highlights the impact of social determinants and geographic variations on HF outcomes.
Conclusions:
- The updated definition aims to improve HF prevention, early detection, and management worldwide.
- Standardization will enhance global cardiovascular health and patient care.
- Addresses the dynamic nature of HF and influences of social factors.
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