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Absolute and Relative Sprint Acceleration in Female Rugby Union Players Across Age Categories and Playing Positions.
Braian Fink1,2, Joaquín Ordóñez-Vega1,2, Aaron Uthoff3
1Physical Performance & Sport Research Center (CIRFD), Universidad Pablo Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|June 29, 2026
Summary
This study reveals that relative sprint acceleration metrics, like time constant (τ) and percentage of maximum velocity (%Vmax) at 5-15m, offer valuable insights into female rugby players' performance across different ages and positions. These measures aid in monitoring and programming for enhanced athletic development.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biomechanics
- Rugby Union Performance Analysis
Background:
- Understanding sprint acceleration is crucial for optimizing performance in team sports like rugby union.
- Limited research exists on the specific acceleration characteristics of female rugby players across various age groups and playing positions.
- Distinguishing between absolute and relative acceleration metrics is key for accurate performance assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the absolute and relative sprint acceleration capacity in female rugby union players across U14, U16, U18, and Senior age categories.
- To analyze differences in acceleration based on playing positions (backs vs. forwards).
- To examine the relationship between sprint acceleration variables and maximum velocity (Vmax), controlling for age.
Main Methods:
- 151 female rugby union players from U14 to Senior categories participated.
- Linear 50-m sprints were conducted, with velocity-time data captured using radar technology.
- Sprint data were modeled using a mono-exponential function to derive Vmax and time constant (τ).
Main Results:
- Younger players (U14, U16) exhibited lower τ and higher %Vmax at 5-15m compared to older players.
- Forwards showed higher %Vmax at 5-10m, while backs demonstrated higher absolute velocities (V5-V15) across age groups.
- Age-adjusted analyses confirmed significant associations between τ and %Vmax metrics, as well as absolute velocities.
Conclusions:
- Relative acceleration variables (τ, %Vmax at 5-15m) provide distinct and complementary information on acceleration capacity.
- These metrics are valuable for monitoring performance and informing training programming for female rugby union players.
- The findings highlight age-related differences in acceleration, emphasizing the need for tailored training approaches.
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