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Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
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Quantifying the evolutionary potential for Delta Smelt persistence in a warming habitat.

Joanna S Griffiths1,2, Amanda J Finger3, M Moshiur Rahman4

  • 1Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Understanding genetic variation in Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) is crucial for their adaptation to warming waters. Warmer temperatures increase thermal tolerance but reduce genetic diversity, potentially limiting future adaptation in this endangered species.

Keywords:
conservation physiologycritical thermal maximumdomestication selectionecophysiologyfishgenome-wide association studygenomicstemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Aquatic Ecology
  • Conservation Genetics
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Long-term persistence of managed species relies on their ability to adjust to warming temperatures.
  • The critically endangered Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) is intensively managed, but its genetic variation for thermal tolerance is poorly understood.
  • Understanding thermal tolerance is vital for the persistence of Delta Smelt in a rapidly warming future.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize genetic variation and genomic architecture for upper thermal tolerance (CTMax) in Delta Smelt.
  • To investigate the effects of rearing temperatures on CTMax and its heritability.
  • To assess the influence of domestication selection on thermal tolerance and plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pedigree and whole genome sequencing data to analyze genetic variation for CTMax.
  • Compared CTMax across control and elevated rearing temperatures, alongside body size and hatchery ancestry.
  • Employed quantitative genetics and genomic approaches to identify loci influencing thermal tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Warmer rearing temperatures increased CTMax via acclimation but reduced additive genetic variation, potentially constraining adaptation.
  • Larger fish exhibited reduced CTMax, an effect diminished at elevated temperatures.
  • Heritability for CTMax was modest, with significant genotype-by-environment interactions; domestication influenced allele frequencies and thermal tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Rearing temperature significantly impacts thermal tolerance and its genetic basis in Delta Smelt.
  • Domestication selection has influenced thermal tolerance and plasticity, with separate genetic underpinnings from CTMax.
  • Knowledge of genetic variation for thermal tolerance is essential for refuge management and supplementation strategies for Delta Smelt in a warming climate.