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Temporal Trends in Antineoplastic Agent-associated Interstitial Lung Disease Involving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Yuki Ibayashi1, Hiroaki Watanabe2, Yusuke Shimura3
1Division of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.
In Vivo (Athens, Greece)
|June 30, 2026
Summary
The incidence of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD) linked to cancer therapies has risen, driven by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Early monitoring is crucial as DIILD often appears early in treatment, especially with combination therapies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pulmonology
- Pharmacovigilance
Background:
- Cancer pharmacotherapy has advanced with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
- Managing drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD) from these agents is challenging.
- Limited data exists on recent trends in DIILD reporting and contributing drug classes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors behind recent changes in DIILD reports.
- To analyze temporal trends in antineoplastic agent-associated DIILD.
- To investigate ICI-associated DIILD using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (2004-2024).
- Utilized reporting odds ratio (ROR) for safety signal evaluation.
- Employed Weibull model to assess time to onset of ICI-associated DIILD.
Main Results:
- Antineoplastic agent-associated DIILD rates increased significantly from 2016-2024 compared to 2004-2015.
- Rising ICI use correlated with increased DIILD reports.
- Significant safety signals for ICI-associated DIILD were detected, with early onset patterns observed.
Conclusions:
- Increased antineoplastic agent-associated DIILD is linked to expanded ICI use, especially in combination therapy.
- DIILD commonly occurs early in treatment.
- Close monitoring during initial therapy is essential for managing ICI-associated DIILD.
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