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Contribution of Resveratrol on Periodontal Disease Control and Treatment: A Systematic Review
Purpose:
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been proposed as an adjunctive agent in periodontal therapy. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of resveratrol in controlling periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss in preclinical and clinical studies.
Methods And Materials:
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Wiley, ScienceDirect) were searched up to October 2025, complemented by manual searches of periodontal journals. Eligible studies included in vivo animal experiments and randomised clinical trials assessing the impact of resveratrol on periodontal outcomes. Three reviewers independently performed study screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using SYRCLE and Cochrane tools.
Results:
Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, including 16 preclinical and 6 clinical studies. In animal models, resveratrol consistently reduced alveolar bone loss (7.09% to 60.60%) and improved inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Clinical trials reported variable but generally positive effects, including reductions in probing pocket depth, bleeding index, and plaque index, and improvements in clinical attachment level. Several studies also showed decreased systemic or local inflammatory cytokines. Clinical evidence remains limited by small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, and short follow-up periods. No clinical study evaluated radiographic bone loss.
Conclusion:
Preclinical studies suggest that resveratrol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and bone-protective effects, but clinical evidence is limited and heterogeneous. Resveratrol may be considered as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy, particularly in aggressive periodontitis but further well-designed trials are needed to determine optimal dosage, duration, and delivery route to support its potential as a complementary therapy for periodontitis.
