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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
08:27

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

Laser-Emitting Droplet Assay for Enzymatic Evaluation Applications.

Po-Hao Tseng1, Guocheng Fang2, Tian Zhou1

  • 1School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore.

ACS Nano
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We developed a laser-emitting droplet assay (LEDA) for real-time, label-free enzymatic activity monitoring. This ultrasensitive method significantly enhances biochemical analysis in complex biological samples.

Keywords:
dropletenzymatic activitylabel-freemicrolaserwhispering gallery mode

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
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Published on: December 10, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Accurate enzymatic activity analysis is crucial but challenging in complex biological settings.
  • Existing methods often lack sensitivity or require labels, limiting real-time applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel laser-emitting droplet assay (LEDA) for sensitive, real-time, label-free enzymatic activity detection.
  • To demonstrate the application of LEDA in analyzing biological samples like saliva and milk.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a platform using laser-emitting aqueous droplets as whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microlasers.
  • Monitoring enzymatic reactions via measurable shifts in laser signals induced by biochemical changes.
  • Integration with microfluidic droplet technology for automated and scalable analysis.

Main Results:

  • LEDA achieved a 90-fold sensitivity increase compared to conventional microlasers due to enhanced light-matter interactions.
  • Successfully assessed α-amylase activity in saliva and protein concentration in milk samples.
  • Distinct spectral signatures differentiated various sample types, showcasing analytical capability.

Conclusions:

  • LEDA offers a highly sensitive, label-free approach for real-time enzymatic activity monitoring.
  • The assay is adaptable for diverse biochemical analyses, including diagnostics and quality control.
  • Integration with microfluidics promises automated, scalable, and ultrasensitive droplet-based analysis.