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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy of the Transplanted Mouse Lung

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Published on: April 19, 2024

A Transcriptomic Atlas of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction.

Hanne Beeckmans¹, Pieterjan Kerckhof², Vincent Geudens²

¹Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium hanne.beeckmans@hotmail.com.

The European Respiratory Journal

|July 2, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular signatures. Identifying these signatures can lead to better diagnostics and personalized therapies for lung transplant recipients.

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Picrosirius Red Staining for Semiquantitative Histopathologic Evaluation of Collagen Deposition in Murine Models of Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection

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Published on: March 21, 2025

Area of Science:

Pulmonary medicine
Transplantation immunology
Genomics

Background:

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the primary cause of late mortality post-lung transplantation.
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) are key clinical manifestations of CLAD.
The molecular and cellular underpinnings of CLAD remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify molecular programs associated with the morphological severity of CLAD.
To elucidate the transcriptomic signatures of different CLAD endotypes.
To discover potential therapeutic targets for CLAD.

Main Methods:

High-resolution imaging-based gene expression profiling of 128 lung samples.
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and pathway enrichment analysis.
Validation across multiple independent datasets, including a murine model and human samples.

Main Results:

Two transcriptomic CLAD endotypes were identified, correlating with disease fibrotic stages.
Five distinct molecular programs associated with CLAD progression were discovered, including immune responses and endothelial dysfunction.
A 26-gene CLAD hub panel demonstrated strong diagnostic capability.

Conclusions:

CLAD represents a molecularly continuous disease spectrum, with BOS and RAS as stages of a shared immunopathology.
Findings support the development of molecular classifiers for CLAD diagnostics.
Novel druggable targets for personalized lung transplant therapies were revealed.