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Serum Biomarkers in Paediatric Neurosurgery: Traumatic Brain Injury and Beyond
Benjamin J Hall1,2, Simon Abrams2, Michael J Griffiths3
1Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery
|July 2, 2026
Summary
Paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) affects children globally, with mild cases being most common. Many mild TBIs show no radiological signs and are discharged without follow-up.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric neurology
- Trauma research
- Public health
Background:
- Paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a significant cause of childhood disability and mortality worldwide.
- TBI incidence varies globally, with higher rates in males and common occurrences in infancy and adolescence.
- Mild TBIs (mTBIs) constitute 75-90% of cases, often without clear radiological findings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the global impact and incidence of paediatric traumatic brain injury.
- To discuss the common age groups affected by TBI in children.
- To address the diagnostic challenges and follow-up care for mild TBIs in pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of global incidence data for paediatric TBI.
- Analysis of age-specific TBI prevalence peaks.
- Examination of diagnostic characteristics of mild TBI cases.
Main Results:
- TBI incidence ranges from 47 to 280 per 100,000 children.
- Infancy (0-2 years) and adolescence (15-18 years) represent peak TBI incidence periods.
- Most mild TBIs lack radiological evidence, leading to discharge without follow-up.
Conclusions:
- Paediatric TBI is a widespread public health issue requiring attention.
- Understanding TBI incidence patterns is crucial for targeted prevention and care.
- The high prevalence of radiologically negative mild TBIs necessitates improved diagnostic and management strategies.
