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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases


The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors01:13

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...

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Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
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Helium Saver Mode With Nitrogen Make-Up Cooling Gas for GC-MS With Cold EI.

Aviv Amirav1,2

  • 1School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a "Helium Saver" mode for cold electron ionization (EI) gas chromatography. It uses helium carrier gas with nitrogen make-up gas, reducing helium consumption and preserving analytical performance.

Keywords:
Cold EIGC column carrier gasGC–MSHelium Saver modenitrogen carrier gas

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Background:

  • Cold EI typically uses helium for carrier and cooling gases.
  • Nitrogen or hydrogen are alternatives if helium is unavailable, but pose challenges like decomposition or reduced separation.
  • Optimizing gas usage in GC-MS is crucial for cost and sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel method for reducing helium consumption in cold EI.
  • To evaluate the performance of using nitrogen as a cooling make-up gas.
  • To maintain analytical efficiency while conserving helium.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing a
  • Helium Saver
  • mode using helium as the column carrier gas.
  • Utilizing nitrogen as the cooling make-up gas.
  • Comparing analytical results and gas consumption with standard EI methods.

Main Results:

  • The
  • Helium Saver
  • mode maintains helium consumption similar to standard EI during analysis.
  • Nitrogen can be used as a cooling make-up gas without compromising separation.
  • Nitrogen can also be employed in stand-by mode for additional helium savings.

Conclusions:

  • The described method effectively reduces overall helium usage in cold EI.
  • This approach offers a practical solution for helium supply interruptions and cost reduction.
  • It enables sustained analytical performance while enhancing gas conservation strategies.