3D printed fish scale collagen/Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. extract thin films: optimization, characterization,...

In this study, a composite dressing, based on fish scale collagen, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (EA) and Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (GJE) extracts, was prepared using a 3D printing method. The optimization of technological factors for the 3D printing process of the composite thin films includes the number of printing layers, the concentration of GJE extract, and the concentration of EA extract. The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a Box-Behnken design and quadratic order model were applied for optimization of technological factors. Based on the objective function values - the in vitro blood clotting time, the optimal parameters for the 3D printing process of the thin films were six printing layers, 2.20% of GJE extract, and 10.74% of EA extract. After being prepared under optimal conditions, the collagen-based film was evaluated for characteristics and properties using methods and techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, water contact angle, color change, and mechanical properties. The variation in mechanical and surface properties of the collagen-based film after 60 days of storage under room temperature has also been assessed. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of NO production, cell viability, and biocompatibility of this composite film with simulated human body fluids were also assessed. The obtained results indicate that the fish scale collagen exhibits excellent bioactivity when combined with plant extracts, suitable for biomedicine applications. The 3D printed fish scale collagen/Eclipta prostrata L. extract thin films have potential to be used as a new-generation hemostatic dressing with significant cost savings.