AI-Driven Lumped-Element Modeling of Human Respiratory System for Studying Voice Mechanics

A predictive physics-based model of human respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory subsystems is developed to simulate voice production. Representing lungs, compressible airways, and vocal folds as spring-damper-mass controlled piston-cylinder systems, our mathematical model robustly captures the intricate dynamics of airways during phonation. The nonlinear viscoelastic properties of lung tissues and compressible airways were investigated, yielding a responsive and expressive baseline respiratory model with the capability to further extend into a patient-specific model for both respiration and phonation. The resulting framework was subsequently integrated with a mechanical representation of the vocal tract, governed by the glottal area waveform (GAW) capturing the motion of vocal folds during sustained phonation. The GAW is extracted from laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy data of a normophonic participant using deep learning. Our novel paradigm transcends beyond modeling the respiratory system, enabling AI-driven modeling of vocalization, including vocal fold dynamics, interactions with flow aerodynamics, and flow resistances, induced by the oscillatory behavior of vocal folds. Our investigation leads to the first-ever simulation of respiratory dynamics for vocalization, directly advancing the prediction of subglottal pressure distributions, impossible to measure directly and noninvasively in humans, dynamic resistances, and energy transfer mechanisms during phonation in voice mechanics.