Probiotics in Mitigating Pesticide Toxicity in Teleost Fish: Mechanisms and Prospects

Area of Science:

• Aquaculture
• Environmental Toxicology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Pesticide residues from agricultural runoff pose significant threats to teleost health and aquaculture sustainability.
• Pesticide exposure causes multi-pathological effects including oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, and immunosuppression in fish.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the toxic effects of pesticides on teleost fish.
• To synthesize the mechanisms of probiotic-mediated protection against pesticide toxicity.
• To identify challenges and propose future directions for probiotic application in aquaculture.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of pesticide toxicity in teleosts.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms of probiotic protection.
• Identification of research gaps and industrial translation barriers.

Main Results:

• Pesticides induce diverse toxic effects in fish via oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, and immune/endocrine disruption.
• Probiotics offer multi-target mitigation strategies due to their biodegradability and regulatory activities.
• Key challenges include strain specificity, mechanistic understanding, dosing, co-exposure data, safety evaluation, and regulations.

Conclusions:

• Probiotics are a promising green approach for mitigating pesticide pollution in aquaculture.
• Addressing challenges in strain selection, mechanistic studies, and regulatory frameworks is crucial for industrial application.
• Future research should focus on multi-omics, high-throughput screening, and standardized safety assessments for sustainable teleost farming.