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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Infectious Causes of Acute Encephalopathy.

Nikki L Freedman1, Zofia M Lasiecka1, Brent D Weinberg1

  • 1Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Division of Neuroradiology, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road, Suite BG20, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details how to diagnose infectious encephalopathies using brain imaging. It correlates specific imaging findings with bacterial, viral, parasitic, and prion infections for accurate diagnosis.

Keywords:
AbscessCNS infectionCerebritisEncephalitisEncephalopathyMeningitis

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
04:23

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Published on: April 28, 2019

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Infectious encephalopathies present with nonspecific symptoms.
  • Patient history, immune status, and comorbidities are crucial for diagnosis.
  • Identifying the causative agent is essential for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe characteristic imaging findings of infectious encephalopathies.
  • To correlate imaging patterns with specific infectious agents (bacterial, viral, parasitic, prion).
  • To provide guidance on imaging modalities and protocols for diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging findings in infectious encephalopathies.
  • Categorization of infections into bacterial, viral, parasitic, and prion diseases.
  • Correlation of imaging patterns with clinical presentation and causative agents.

Main Results:

  • Specific imaging findings and patterns are characteristic for different types of infectious encephalopathies.
  • Bacterial, viral, parasitic, and prion diseases exhibit distinct neuroimaging features.
  • Imaging plays a vital role in narrowing differential diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging is critical for diagnosing infectious encephalopathies.
  • Understanding characteristic imaging patterns aids in identifying the specific infectious agent.
  • Appropriate imaging protocols improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.