[Treatment of allergic rhinitis in the biologics era]

Objective:Allergic rhinitis（AR） is a major chronic disease that severely affects human health. The primary objective of current treatment modalities is symptom relief, yet patients often exhibit poor adherence to long-term therapy with suboptimal efficacy outcomes. Since the 1990 s, monoclonal antibodies targeting key cytokines and their receptors in type 2 inflammatory responses have been employed to treat type 2 inflammatory diseases such as AR. Clinical studies have demonstrated that omalizumab, dupilumab, and stapokibart are effective in treating seasonal AR. In 2025, stapokibart was approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe seasonal AR in adults, becoming the world's first targeted IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody for AR therapy. This article systematically reviews the history and efficacy of biologics in the treatment of AR, as well as the development of domestic biologics, aiming to emphasize the importance of their clinical application strategies.