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Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...

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The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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A Systematic Review on Yellow Fever Vaccine and Adverse Events.

Omar Enzo Santangelo¹, Anna Sole Pizzamiglio¹, Vella Carlotta¹

¹Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Lodi, ASST di Lodi, Lodi, Italy.

Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics

|July 7, 2026

Summary

The yellow fever vaccine (YFV) is safe, with mild adverse events being common. Serious side effects from YFV are rare but can be fatal, necessitating individual risk assessment.

Keywords:

adverse events review systematic review vaccines yellow fever yellow fever vaccine

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Area of Science:

Vaccinology
Public Health
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Yellow fever (YF) is a serious viral hemorrhagic illness preventable by vaccination.
The live attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine (YFV) is effective but associated with adverse reactions.
Understanding the spectrum of YFV adverse events is crucial for risk-benefit assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the burden of adverse events following yellow fever vaccination.
To evaluate the incidence and severity of adverse events, including serious ones, associated with YFV.

Main Methods:

Systematic review adhering to Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Comprehensive literature search across PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science.
Inclusion of 109 records identified through keyword and medical topic searches.

Main Results:

The yellow fever vaccine (YFV) demonstrates a favorable safety profile.
Mild adverse events are the most frequently reported, even in high-risk populations.
Serious adverse events are rare but carry a risk of fatality and unpredictability.

Conclusions:

Yellow fever vaccination (YFV) is generally safe.
While rare, serious adverse events associated with YFV can be fatal.
Case-by-case evaluation of YFV administration appropriateness is recommended, particularly for high-risk individuals.