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Design and validation of an integrated reference dosimetry and monitoring system for ultra-high dose-rate proton beams ranging from 20 Gy/s to 230 Gy/s.

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
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Radiobiology: A Geant4 Extended Example for voxel-based ion-beam transport and radiobiological endpoints.

Alberto Sciuto1, Giada Petringa1, Davide Chiappara1

  • 1INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|July 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces radiobiology, a Geant4 tool for ion-beam transport, calculating dosimetry and radiobiology in one simulation. It accurately models proton and helium beams, validating results against experimental data for RBE and dose distributions.

Keywords:
DoseGeant4LETMonte Carlo simulationRBE

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Published on: February 20, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Accurate modeling of ion-beam transport is crucial for radiation therapy.
  • Integrating dosimetric and radiobiological assessments in simulations is challenging.
  • Existing tools often focus on beamline physics or detailed track structure, lacking a unified approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present radiobiology, an open-source Geant4 Extended Example for voxel-based ion-beam transport.
  • To provide a modular workflow for calculating dosimetric quantities and radiobiological endpoints in a single simulation chain.
  • To enable rapid and reproducible endpoint-oriented studies in voxelized phantoms.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling therapeutic proton and light-ion beams in voxelized water phantoms.
  • Scoring dose and Linear Energy Transfer (LET) using Geant4 physics configurations.
  • Computing radiobiological quantities via Monte Carlo transport coupled with a Local Effect Model (LEM) and pre-tabulated parameters.
  • Validating against experimental benchmarks including depth-dose curves, LET spectra, and cell survival data.

Main Results:

  • Simulated depth-dose distributions accurately matched experimental data for proton and helium beams.
  • Depth-dependent LET trends aligned with experimental microdosimetric spectra.
  • The LEM/LUT-based workflow produced Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) values consistent with experimental cell survival data.

Conclusions:

  • radiobiology offers a practical solution bridging comprehensive beamline and track-structure simulations.
  • The tool facilitates efficient and reproducible radiobiological endpoint studies in voxelized environments.
  • This workflow enhances the integration of computational modeling in ion-beam therapy research.