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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
07:17

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

Neutrophils Orchestrate Osteoclastogenesis in Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

F Ohori1, H Kitaura1, K Narita1

  • 1Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Journal of Dental Research
|July 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Neutrophils are key to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by recruiting macrophages via TNF-TNFR2 signaling, driving bone remodeling and tooth movement. Depleting neutrophils reduces OTM and osteoclast formation.

Keywords:
inflammationmacrophagesorthodonticsosteoclastsperiodontal ligamentsingle-cell RNA seq

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Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement
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Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Published on: July 21, 2023

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
04:11

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
07:17

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement
05:25

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Published on: July 21, 2023

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model
04:11

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Orthodontics
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Precise orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) relies on understanding alveolar bone remodeling.
  • The role of neutrophils in the sterile inflammation of OTM is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how neutrophils contribute to bone resorption during OTM.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in OTM.

Main Methods:

  • Orthodontic tooth movement induced in mice.
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of periodontal ligament tissues.
  • In vivo neutrophil depletion using anti-Ly6G antibody.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophils were identified as a major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, OSM).
  • A TNF-TNFR2 signaling axis from neutrophils to macrophages was discovered.
  • Neutrophil depletion reduced macrophage accumulation, tooth movement, and osteoclastogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophils are essential regulators of OTM, driving osteoclastogenesis.
  • Neutrophils recruit and activate macrophages through TNF-TNFR2 signaling.
  • This study offers insights into the osteoimmunological microenvironment during OTM and potential therapeutic targets.