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BCG Scar Reactivation During Influenza Infection in the Absence of Kawasaki Disease: A Primary Care Case Report

Dilara Canbay Özdemir1, Oğuzhan Alp1

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ordu University Ordu Türkiye.

Clinical Case Reports
|July 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

BCG scar reactivation can occur with infections like influenza B, not just Kawasaki disease. Early recognition prevents unnecessary tests, guiding appropriate care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • BCG scar reactivation is typically linked to Kawasaki disease.
  • It can also manifest during immune responses to various infections.
  • Distinguishing the cause is crucial for appropriate patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of BCG scar reactivation in a child with influenza B.
  • To highlight that BCG scar reactivation is not exclusive to Kawasaki disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of clinical context in diagnosing scar reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 26-month-old boy.
  • Clinical observation of BCG scar changes.
  • Laboratory confirmation of influenza B infection.
  • Treatment with oseltamivir and symptomatic care.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with transient erythema and swelling at the BCG scar site.
  • Influenza B infection was laboratory-confirmed.
  • The patient lacked features of Kawasaki disease or MIS-C.
  • Scar reaction resolved with treatment and improvement of influenza symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • BCG scar reactivation is not pathognomonic for Kawasaki disease.
  • Influenza B infection can trigger BCG scar reactions.
  • Clinical context is vital to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary investigations.
  • Appropriate follow-up is essential for managing BCG scar reactivation.
Keywords:
BCG scar reactivationBCG vaccinechildimmune activationinfluenza B virusmucocutaneous lymph node syndrome

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