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Fetal Circulation

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
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Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

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Sites for measuring blood pressure

Sites for measuring blood pressure

Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
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Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

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Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Published on: January 27, 2023

NeoCardioLab: A Digital Platform for Neonatal Hemodynamics Education.

|July 9, 2026

Summary

NeoCardioLab, a digital platform for neonatal hemodynamics, has reached over 98,000 users globally. It enhances confidence in neonatal care, particularly for conditions like pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease.

Area of Science:

Neonatal Intensive Care
Pediatric Cardiology
Medical Education Technology

Background:

Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) and neonatal hemodynamics are crucial in neonatal intensive care.
Access to standardized educational resources for neonatal hemodynamics is inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the global reach, usage patterns, and educational impact of NeoCardioLab, a digital platform for neonatal hemodynamics.
To assess the platform's role in supporting neonatal intensive care professionals.

Main Methods:

A mixed-methods approach combining retrospective analysis of usage data (April 2022-June 2025) and an anonymous online survey.
Data sources included web and app analytics, alongside user-reported educational value and confidence levels.

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Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators

Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators

Published on: February 5, 2019

Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse

Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse

Published on: June 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

Published on: January 27, 2023

Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators

Anatomically Realistic Neonatal Heart Model for Use in Neonatal Patient Simulators

Published on: February 5, 2019

Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse

Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse

Published on: June 12, 2020

Main Results:

NeoCardioLab reached 98,004 users in 203 countries, with significant engagement via page views and app downloads.
84% of surveyed users, primarily neonatologists, reported increased confidence in neonatal hemodynamics.
Modules on pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia were highly valued.

Conclusions:

NeoCardioLab demonstrates broad global reach and sustained engagement as an open-access digital resource.
The platform serves as a valuable complementary educational tool and knowledge translation resource in neonatology.