There, but Invisible: Warning Messages in Czech Gambling Advertising during Football Broadcasts
Filip Kovařík1, Steve Sharman2, David Fiedor3
1Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia, filip.kovarik@upol.cz.
European Addiction Research
|July 10, 2026
Summary
Gambling adverts in Czech football broadcasts often fail to meet size and visibility standards for warning messages. Strengthening regulations is crucial for consumer protection against gambling harm.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Media Studies
- Regulatory Compliance
Background:
- Gambling advertising during live sports is a public health concern.
- Regulatory compliance of warning messages in gambling ads is understudied.
- This study focuses on Czech football broadcasts.
Purpose of the Study:
- Evaluate the prevalence and screen space of warning messages in gambling adverts.
- Assess compliance with regulations for gambling advertising.
- Examine factors influencing warning message visibility.
Main Methods:
- Systematic analysis of 1,824 gambling adverts across 32 Czech football matches.
- Measured screen coverage of warning messages using pixel calculations.
- Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney U test and Cramér's V.
Main Results:
- 77.7% of adverts met legal requirements for warnings.
- Warning messages occupied an average of 1.58% of screen space.
- Adverts with safe gambling messages had significantly larger warning coverage.
Conclusions:
- Identified regulatory gaps in warning message size, font, and contrast.
- Simultaneous display with promotional content may reduce warning effectiveness.
- Current regulations need strengthening to enhance consumer protection.
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