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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles01:21

Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles

The Role of Accessory Muscles in the Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
Enhancing Inhalation with Accessory Muscles:
Accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, and abdominal muscles are crucial when additional respiratory effort is required, such as during deep...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration01:23

Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration

The Physiology of Expiration: A Seamless Respiratory Process
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:
Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...

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A third way to breathe.

Takanori Takebe1

  • 1Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Human Biology Research Unit, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo (Science Tokyo), Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), The University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.

Med (New York, N.Y.)
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed enteral ventilation using oxygenated perfluorodecalin, inspired by fish breathing. This translational research offers a potential solution for patients with severe lung failure, highlighting multidisciplinary collaboration and animal model validation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • A novel concept for respiratory support emerged from observing intestinal breathing in loaches.
  • This observation sparked the development of a new method for lung ventilation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the translational journey of developing enteral ventilation.
  • To highlight the key factors enabling the progression from concept to clinical potential.

Main Methods:

  • Inspired by loach intestinal breathing, the concept of enteral ventilation was conceived.
  • The development involved multidisciplinary collaboration and validation in large animal models.
  • Oxygenated perfluorodecalin was utilized for the ventilation process.

Main Results:

  • A translational research pathway was established for a novel respiratory support system.
  • The method demonstrated potential for patients with compromised lung function.
  • Multidisciplinary teamwork and animal studies were crucial for progress.

Conclusions:

  • Enteral ventilation with oxygenated perfluorodecalin represents a significant translational advancement.
  • This approach offers a potential life-saving option for patients with severe respiratory failure.
  • The study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in biomedical innovation.