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Alternative Diagnostic Methods for Post-operative Lymphatic Fistula in Head and Neck Surgeries - A Narrative Review
Asma Shafaeipour1, Amirhossein Shahsavand2, Amirmohsen Jalaeefar1
1Department of General Surgery, Subdivision of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
The Journal of Surgical Research
|July 11, 2026
Summary
Post-operative lymphatic fistulas after head and neck surgery can be diagnosed using novel techniques like near-infrared imaging and biosensors. These emerging methods offer improved visualization and functional assessment over conventional diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Surgical Complications
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Post-operative lymphatic fistula is a rare but serious complication of head and neck procedures.
- Conventional diagnostic methods have limitations in accuracy and scope.
- This review explores advanced diagnostic techniques for these fistulas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of emerging alternative diagnostic techniques for post-operative lymphatic fistulas in head and neck surgeries.
- To highlight the advantages and limitations of these novel methods.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science).
- Included studies reported new diagnostic methods, radiographic presentation, or management of post-operative chylous leaks.
- Article quality was assessed using SANRA criteria.
Main Results:
- Identified alternative modalities include lymphangiography, lymphoscintigraphy, near-infrared imaging, ultrasound, cross-sectional imaging, biosensors, and lymphatic biomarkers.
- These techniques offer benefits in visualization, functional assessment, safety, point-of-care use, cost, and treatment guidance.
- Each method also has specific limitations that require consideration.
Conclusions:
- Diagnostic method selection should be individualized based on clinical context, resources, and expertise.
- Further research is needed to refine novel techniques and establish their clinical role.
- Collaboration between clinicians, radiologists, and engineers is crucial for improved patient care.
