Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
Published on: September 19, 2016
Reconsidering Inducing Immunity? A Reply to Our Critics
Marcel Verweij1, Roland Pierik2
1Ethics Institute, Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
In this article we respond to critical comments from colleagues on Inducing Immunity? Justifying Immunization Policies in Times of Vaccine Hesitancy (MITpress, 2024). We explain why we have chosen to focus on John Stuart Mill's harm principle as a basis for developing our argument for mandatory immunisation policies. With help of our critics, we subsequently elaborate on our conception of harm and argue that this is not opening the door to illiberal policies. We discuss the role of coercion and the idea of the 'best-interest of the child', and we further develop our account of trustworthiness of a vaccination policy.
Related Concept Videos
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Development of Immunocompetence
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Vaccinations

