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Food-Based Dietary Inflammatory Index in Relation to Breast Cancer
Niloofar Eshaghian1, Yaser Sharif2,3, Omid Sadeghi4
1Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
International Journal of Preventive Medicine
|July 13, 2026
Summary
Higher adherence to an inflammatory diet, measured by the Food-based Dietary Inflammatory Index (FDII), is linked to increased breast cancer risk in Iranian women. This association is particularly notable in postmenopausal and normal-weight individuals.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The relationship between the Food-based Dietary Inflammatory Index (FDII) and breast cancer risk has not been previously studied.
- Investigating this association is crucial for understanding dietary influences on breast cancer etiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between the Food-based Dietary Inflammatory Index (FDII) and the odds of developing breast cancer among Iranian women.
Main Methods:
- A population-based case-control study involving 350 breast cancer cases and 700 matched controls.
- FDII scores were calculated based on detailed dietary intake assessments of participants.
Main Results:
- A significant positive association was observed between higher FDII scores and increased odds of breast cancer (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01-1.88).
- Women in the highest tertile of FDII were 1.52 times more likely to have breast cancer compared to the lowest tertile, after adjusting for confounders.
- This association remained significant in postmenopausal and normal-weight women, even after controlling for covariates.
Conclusions:
- A pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by a higher FDII, is significantly associated with elevated breast cancer risk in Iranian women.
- The findings highlight the importance of dietary patterns in breast cancer development, especially in specific subgroups like postmenopausal women.
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