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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Suppressing reverse intersystem crossing via ring-fusion: turning fluorophores into efficient photosensitizers
Wenlong Ma1, Chao Cheng1, Changjiang Yu1
1Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China. guoxing@ahnu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Developing triplet-state photosensitizers without heavy atoms remains challenging. By aromatic ring-fusion, we convert BOPSH fluorophores into such photosensitizers. This elevates T2 → S1 activation energy, suppressing reverse intersystem crossing and prolonging triplet lifetimes. These ring-fused BOPSHs exhibit high ROS yields (0.69-0.80), with 1c displaying ER-targeting and potent photocytotoxicity (IC50 = 26.8 nM).
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