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Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

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Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
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Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
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Isolation of an Np4+ σ-benzyl complex.

Tyler-Rayne Nero1, Matilda I Duffy1, Kaitlyn S Engle1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA. la_pierre@chemistry.gatech.edu.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|July 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized the first neptunium(IV) σ-benzyl complex, [NpBn(NP*)3]. This discovery demonstrates a stable neptunium(IV)-carbon bond, advancing transuranic organometallic chemistry.

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Area of Science:

  • * Inorganic Chemistry
  • * Organometallic Chemistry
  • * Actinide Chemistry

Background:

  • * Transuranic elements, particularly neptunium in its +4 oxidation state (Np4+), present unique challenges in organometallic chemistry.
  • * The Np4+-carbon bond is typically unstable, hindering the synthesis of supported transuranic σ-hydrocarbyl complexes.
  • * Previous research has not established stable Np4+ σ-hydrocarbyl complexes due to redox instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To report the synthesis and characterization of the first neptunium(IV) σ-benzyl complex.
  • * To demonstrate the feasibility of a stable Np4+-C σ-bond.
  • * To provide new insights into the organometallic chemistry of transuranic elements.

Main Methods:

  • * Synthesis of the neptunium(IV) σ-benzyl complex, [NpBn(NP*)3].
  • * Characterization of the complex using appropriate analytical techniques (details not specified in abstract).
  • * Investigation of the stability of the Np4+-C σ-bond.

Main Results:

  • * Successful synthesis of the first neptunium(IV) σ-benzyl complex, denoted as [NpBn(NP*)3].
  • * The complex features a stable neptunium(IV)-carbon σ-bond, which was previously considered unknown.
  • * The ligand NP* ([NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2)]1-) plays a crucial role in stabilizing the Np4+-C bond.

Conclusions:

  • * The synthesis of [NpBn(NP*)3] represents a significant advancement in transuranic organometallic chemistry.
  • * This work provides the first example of a stable Np4+ σ-benzyl complex.
  • * The findings open new avenues for exploring the reactivity and applications of neptunium organometallic compounds.