Nasal Septal Deviation Classifications, Including the Mladina System, and Their Craniofacial Correlates: A Scoping...

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Orthodontics
• Craniofacial Biology

Background:

• Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is a common condition potentially affecting craniofacial development.
• Existing research on NSD and craniofacial morphology uses varied methods and classifications.
• The Mladina classification is one method used to assess NSD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To map and synthesize evidence on the relationship between NSD classifications and craniofacial morphology.
• To review studies using various assessment methods, including the Mladina system.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.
• Extensive literature search across multiple databases without date or language restrictions.
• Inclusion of studies assessing NSD and relating it to craniofacial, maxillary, mandibular, dentofacial, or asymmetry outcomes.

Main Results:

• Six studies met inclusion criteria, showing significant heterogeneity.
• Consistent findings indicate NSD is associated with localized/transverse nasomaxillary changes (palate, maxilla, nasal floor, dentoalveolar region).
• Limited and inconsistent evidence exists for global facial asymmetry, maxillomandibular dimensions, and malocclusion.

Conclusions:

• NSD is not a uniform marker for global craniofacial abnormalities.
• NSD is more strongly associated with specific local and transverse nasomaxillary features.
• Future research requires standardized NSD classifications (e.g., Mladina) and 3D craniofacial assessments in homogeneous populations.