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Related Concept Videos

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles01:29

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Induction of Acute Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Cardiotoxin Injection
07:39

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Published on: January 1, 2017

Myonuclear Dynamics After Skeletal Muscle Surgical Injury.

Micah Goeke1, Nathan Serrano1, Pieter Jan Koopmans1,2

  • 1Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Displaced myonuclei in damaged muscle fibers can originate from resident cells, not just satellite cells. This finding challenges existing beliefs and suggests new therapeutic targets for muscle injury repair.

Keywords:
damageregenerationsatellite cellssurgery

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Induction of Acute Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Cardiotoxin Injection
07:39

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Published on: January 1, 2017

An in vivo Rodent Model of Contraction-induced Injury and Non-invasive Monitoring of Recovery
08:08

An in vivo Rodent Model of Contraction-induced Injury and Non-invasive Monitoring of Recovery

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Identification and Analysis of Myogenic Progenitors In Vivo During Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury by High-Dimensional Single-Cell Mass Cytometry
11:02

Identification and Analysis of Myogenic Progenitors In Vivo During Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury by High-Dimensional Single-Cell Mass Cytometry

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Muscle physiology
  • Cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Displaced myonuclei are a key indicator of skeletal muscle fiber damage.
  • Traditionally, these myonuclei were believed to originate solely from satellite cell fusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin and prevalence of displaced myonuclei following surgical muscle injury.
  • To challenge the dogma that only satellite cells contribute to displaced myonuclei.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a surgical resection model for muscle injury in vivo.
  • Employed recombination-independent labeling to distinguish resident (non-satellite cell) myonuclei.
  • Analyzed myonuclear positioning and origin at 7 days post-injury.

Main Results:

  • Non-satellite cell-derived (resident) displaced myonuclei were observed 7 days post-injury, appearing in similar proportions to satellite cell-derived ones.
  • A significant proportion of injured muscle fibers exhibited multiple displaced resident myonuclei.
  • Embryonic myosin-expressing fibers contained both satellite cell-derived and resident displaced myonuclei.
  • Satellite cell numbers did not increase until 7 days post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Resident myonuclei contribute to the pool of displaced myonuclei after muscle trauma, challenging the exclusive role of satellite cells.
  • The presence of multiple displaced resident myonuclei highlights an unexpected aspect of muscle repair.
  • Understanding the distinct origins of displaced myonuclei can inform targeted therapeutic strategies for muscle injury and regeneration.