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Interpersonal Racial Discrimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Offending: Risk and Resilience among African American Females.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes
05:03

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Published on: December 15, 2023

Racial Discrimination, Racial Socialization, and Crime: Understanding Mechanisms of Resilience.

Callie H Burt1, Man Kit Lei2, Ronald L Simons2

  • 1University of Washington.

Social Problems
|July 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Familial racial socialization builds resilience in Black youth against discrimination. This approach enhances positive racial identity and spirituality, counteracting harmful effects and reducing offending behaviors.

Keywords:
crimeracial discriminationracial identityracial socializationresilience

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Research indicates familial racial socialization offers resilience to African American youth facing racial discrimination.
  • This study investigates the mechanisms by which racial socialization mitigates discrimination's impact on offending.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how racial socialization reduces the criminogenic effects of racial discrimination.
  • To examine positive racial identities and spirituality as mediating factors in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural equation models with data from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS).
  • Analyzed longitudinal data from approximately 700 African American youth and their caregivers from childhood to early adulthood.

Main Results:

  • Findings support the theoretical model, showing racial socialization enhances resilience to discrimination.
  • Positive racial identities and spirituality were identified as key mechanisms through which resilience is fostered.

Conclusions:

  • Familial racial socialization is crucial for protecting Black youth from the negative impacts of racial discrimination.
  • Future research should further explore these psychological mechanisms and their implications for intervention.