Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...

Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture

Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture

Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Conduct Disorder

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...

Stereotype Content Model

Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Racial Discrimination, Racial Socialization, and Crime: Understanding Mechanisms of Resilience.

Social problems·2026

Same author

SELF-CONTROL THROUGH EMERGING ADULTHOOD: INSTABILITY, MULTIDIMENSIONALITY, AND CRIMINOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

Criminology : an interdisciplinary journal·2026

Same author

Racial Discrimination, Racial Socialization, and Crime over Time: A Social Schematic Theory Model.

Criminology : an interdisciplinary journal·2026

Same author

Self-Esteem, Racial Identity, and Depression in the Long-Term Impact of Discrimination on Health among Black Americans.

Journal of health and social behavior·2026

Same author

Developing Topics.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025

Same author

Biological aging and its association with serum neurofilament light chain levels in middle-aged African Americans: a prospective observational study.

Aging advances·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

Published on: July 10, 2017

Interpersonal Racial Discrimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Offending: Risk and Resilience among African

Callie Harbin Burt¹, Ronald L Simons²

¹Arizona State University.

Justice Quarterly : JQ

|June 17, 2026

Summary

Interpersonal racial discrimination increases crime risk for Black females, but preparation for bias ethnic-racial socialization offers resilience. This protective effect was also observed in males, though with gender differences.

Keywords:

Ethnic-Racial Socialization Gender Race Racial Discrimination Social Schemas

More Related Videos

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans

Published on: June 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents

Published on: July 10, 2017

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans

Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans

Published on: June 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Criminology
Psychology
Sociology

Background:

Interpersonal racial discrimination is linked to increased crime risk.
Ethnic-racial socialization practices may offer resilience against these risks.
Research has primarily focused on Black males, neglecting Black females.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the criminogenic effects of racial discrimination on Black females.
To examine the resilience provided by familial ethnic-racial socialization among Black females.
To compare these risk and resilience processes between Black females and males.

Main Methods:

Utilized panel data from the Family and Community Health Study.
Analyzed the relationship between racial discrimination, ethnic-racial socialization, and crime.
Employed social schematic theory and research on adaptive cultural practices.

Main Results:

Racial discrimination significantly increased crime risk, largely mediated by criminogenic knowledge.
Cultural socialization did not mitigate discrimination's effects.
Preparation for bias socialization strongly protected against discrimination's criminogenic effects for both females and males, with gendered differences.

Conclusions:

Racial discrimination poses a criminogenic risk for Black females, consistent with social schematic theory.
Familial ethnic-racial socialization, particularly preparation for bias, acts as a protective factor.
Findings highlight gendered ways preparation for bias buffers against discrimination's impact on crime.