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Mechanisms of Neuroperceptual Differences Between Subjective and Objective Refraction Based on Multimodal Imaging and
Xinfang Cao1, Jie Shao1, Yonggang Zhang1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou MSK Eye Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|July 16, 2026
Summary
Long-term daily refraction significantly impacts subjective and objective refractive differences in myopia. A predictive model using clinical data and imaging achieved 87.2% accuracy for personalized refractive surgery.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Refractive Surgery
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Subjective and objective refraction measurements can vary significantly between individuals.
- Understanding these discrepancies is crucial for personalized refractive surgery.
- Multimodal imaging and clinical parameters offer potential insights into refractive variations.
Purpose of the Study:
- Quantify individual variations between subjective and objective refraction.
- Explore correlations between imaging features, clinical parameters, and refraction discrepancies.
- Develop a predictive model for personalized refractive surgery.
Main Methods:
- Enrolled 264 myopic patients.
- Utilized paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis for refraction differences.
- Applied correlation analysis, multivariate regression, and machine learning for prediction modeling.
Main Results:
- Significant individual differences in refraction were observed.
- Long-term daily refraction showed moderate correlation with refraction differences (r=0.47).
- A predictive model achieved 87.2% accuracy and an AUC of 0.89.
Conclusions:
- Long-term daily refraction is a key factor in refractive differences.
- Corneal higher-order aberrations and OCT optic nerve features are independent influencing factors.
- Findings support precise diagnosis and treatment in refractive correction.
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