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The Association of Micro- and Macro-Nutrient Patterns With the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Newly Diagnosed Cases:
Sajedeh Jandari1, Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani Moghadam2,3, Mostafa Shahraki Jazinaki1
1Department of Nutrition Sciences Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran.
Health Science Reports
|July 17, 2026
Summary
Certain dietary patterns high in fat and inflammatory markers may increase rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. Conversely, diets rich in vitamins D, C, E, selenium, calcium, protein, and cholesterol may reduce RA risk. Further research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Rheumatology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with complex etiology.
- Nutritional factors are increasingly recognized for their potential role in RA pathogenesis.
- Understanding nutrient patterns associated with RA risk is crucial for prevention and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate nutrient patterns in healthy individuals and newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.
- To explore the association between identified nutrient patterns and the risk of developing RA.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 50 RA patients and 100 healthy controls.
- Dietary intake assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ).
- Nutrient patterns identified via factor analysis; associations with RA risk analyzed using multivariable analysis.
Main Results:
- Four distinct nutrient patterns were identified, explaining 71.65% of dietary variance.
- Patterns high in vitamin D, protein, selenium, cholesterol, vitamin C, calcium, dietary fiber, iron, and vitamin E showed inverse association with RA risk.
- A pattern characterized by high total fat, trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFA), high dietary serving score (DSS), and high dietary inflammatory index (DII) was directly associated with RA risk.
Conclusions:
- Dietary patterns high in SFA, trans fatty acids, total fat, DSS, and DII may be linked to increased RA risk.
- Specific nutrients like protein, cholesterol, fiber, vitamins D, C, E, selenium, and calcium may play a role in RA pathogenesis.
- Further large-scale, high-quality cohort studies are necessary to confirm these associations.
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