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Temporal Trends and Disparities in Hypertension-Related Cardiomyopathy Mortality in the United States, 1999-2023

Javeria Akhter1, Iqra Taj2, Muhammad Umar3

  • 1Lung Health Program, Community Health Directorate, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan.

Clinical Cardiology
|July 17, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Mortality from hypertension-related cardiomyopathy surged initially then declined, but significant disparities persist among different demographic groups in the U.S. Targeted hypertension control is crucial for reducing cardiovascular disease burden.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular epidemiology
  • Public health surveillance
  • Medical statistics

Background:

  • Hypertension and cardiomyopathy are leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity in the U.S.
  • Investigating long-term mortality trends and disparities in hypertension-related cardiomyopathy is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze mortality trends and demographic disparities in hypertension-related cardiomyopathy from 1999 to 2023.
  • To identify specific populations disproportionately affected by this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CDC WONDER mortality data (1999-2023) for cardiomyopathy and hypertension.
  • Employed age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) standardized to the U.S. 2000 population.
  • Applied joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and identify significant trends.

Main Results:

  • Overall AAMR increased from 1.26 to 2.22 per 100,000, with a sharp rise from 1999-2001.
  • Significant disparities observed in mortality rates by sex, race (NH Black highest), geography (South highest), and age (≥85 years highest).
  • Mortality rates declined significantly after 2001 for males, non-metropolitan areas, and metropolitan areas, but rose in the Midwest after 2017 and for adults ≥85 years after 2015.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension-related cardiomyopathy mortality showed an initial sharp increase followed by a decline, but persistent disparities remain.
  • Addressing these disparities requires targeted hypertension control strategies and equitable cardiovascular care.
  • Public health interventions should focus on high-risk demographic groups and geographic regions.
Abstract

Keywords:
CDC wonderUnited Statescardiomyopathyhypertensionmortality

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