Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026

A Visual Guide to Sorting Electrophysiological Recordings Using 'SpikeSorter'
Published on: February 10, 2017
Preserving Harmonic Structure in FPVS-Oddball: A Two-Dimensional Cluster-Based Permutation Approach
Oliver Hermann1, Wendy Wong Hiu Ching1, George Stothart1,2
1Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, Somerset, UK.
Abstract:
The fast periodic visual stimulation oddball paradigm (FPVS-oddball), which combines multi-input frequency tagging with an oddball design, is a powerful electroencephalography (EEG) technique for probing cognitive function. Traditionally, FPVS-oddball analysis collapses steady-state responses across harmonics into composite measures, which improves response detection but discards valuable information about the harmonic composition of responses. Here, we apply a two-dimensional (sensor × harmonic) permutation test, incorporating a novel free harmonic clustering procedure that allows clustering across sensors and harmonics, thereby preserving harmonic-related information. Using datasets on object recognition (real vs. pseudo-objects) and line orientation discrimination, we show that the two-dimensional approach detects condition-specific differences in the spatial and harmonic distribution of responses that are missed by a one-dimensional (sensor-only) test of composite responses. For object recognition, real objects elicited stronger left- and right-lateralised oddball responses at higher harmonics, consistent with additional semantic processing. For orientation discrimination, large versus small deviations elicited distinct harmonic-specific activation patterns, reflecting qualitatively different processing. These results demonstrate that two-dimensional cluster-based permutation testing provides sensitivity to the spatial and harmonic distribution of FPVS-oddball responses.
Related Concept Videos
Properties of Fourier series II
A function f(t) is...
Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle
A Frost circle is constructed by drawing a polygon whose number of edges is equal to the number of carbons of the given cyclic system, with one of the vertices pointing down. Then, a circle is drawn enclosing the polygon so that...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Fischer Projections
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule
¹H NMR: Pople Notation
A proton...