Bionanotechnology at microplastic and nanoplastic interfaces: detection, adsorption and degradation

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Micro- and nano-plastics (M/NPs) are persistent environmental pollutants.
• Their small size and dynamic surface properties complicate detection and remediation.
• Interfacial interactions at plastic-bio-nano interfaces govern M/NP environmental behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in M/NP research focusing on interfaces.
• To highlight biomolecular recognition, nano-enabled enrichment, and catalytic degradation.
• To emphasize the integration of these strategies for multifunctional platforms.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on biomolecular recognition elements (antibodies, aptamers, etc.).
• Analysis of nanomaterials for selective capture and signal amplification (magnetic nanoparticles, MOFs, etc.).
• Examination of interface-mediated catalytic degradation strategies (enzymes, nanozymes, AOPs).

Main Results:

• Biomolecular recognition enables selective M/NP identification via interfacial pattern recognition.
• Nanomaterials facilitate M/NP capture and signal enhancement in complex environments.
• Catalytic degradation relies on interface-mediated adsorption, activation, and polymer transformation.

Conclusions:

• Understanding plastic-bio-nano interfacial mechanisms is crucial.
• Integrating molecular recognition, nano-enrichment, and catalytic transformation is key.
• Multifunctional platforms leveraging interfacial science are promising for M/NP management.