Platelet-Rich Plasma in Chronic Joint Pain: An Autologous Alternative to Steroids

Chronic joint pain, most caused by osteoarthritis, is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. When conservative management fails, interventional therapies are introduced, with corticosteroid injections being one of the most utilized. However, its clinical utility is limited by its short-term efficacy and by potential structural adverse effects. Platelet-rich plasma has emerged as a compelling alternative, providing both anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. This review will evaluate platelet-rich plasma as an autologous alternative to corticosteroid injections for the treatment of chronic joint pain due to osteoarthritis.

Recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies largely demonstrate that while corticosteroid injections provide superior short-term relief in osteoarthritis, platelet-rich plasma offers more sustained medium and long-term pain relief and functional improvements. However, variability in preparation methods, including single versus double-spin techniques, leukocyte concentration, and platelet concentration limits consistency across studies, and thereby serving as a major limitation. The current body of research on platelet rich plasma demonstrates promising therapeutic potential in the management of osteoarthritis, with long-term efficacy rivaling that of corticosteroid injections. However, further investigations are needed to establish standardized protocols and better define their clinical applications.