Longitudinal Variability of Fecal Calprotectin in Preterm Newborns: A Prospective Cohort Study

Area of Science:

• Neonatal Research
• Gastroenterology
• Biomarker Analysis

Background:

• Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a recognized biomarker for gastrointestinal inflammation.
• The physiological behavior and variability of FC in preterm newborns are not well-established.
• Understanding FC dynamics is crucial for preterm infant care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the longitudinal variability of fecal calprotectin (FC) concentrations in preterm newborns during the first month of life.
• To explore potential associations between FC levels and clinical/laboratory variables in this population.
• To assess the utility of FC as a biomarker in preterm neonates.

Main Methods:

• Prospective cohort study involving 48 preterm newborns (≤34 weeks gestational age).
• Weekly collection of 124 fecal samples over the first month of life.
• Analysis of FC concentrations and correlation with clinical and laboratory data.

Main Results:

• Median FC levels showed wide interindividual and intraindividual variations (56 µg/g to 65 µg/g).
• No significant associations were found between FC levels and clinical or laboratory variables.
• FC levels in infants with suspected NEC fluctuated without a clear diagnostic pattern.

Conclusions:

• FC levels exhibit substantial longitudinal variability in preterm newborns.
• Current findings characterize baseline FC variability rather than its diagnostic value for conditions like NEC.
• Isolated FC measurements in preterm infants require cautious interpretation due to significant variability.